SOA&#=
26159;机会不是泡沫
=
;
![3D"科=](3D"file6731.files/image001.jpg")
作者A=
306;李安渝
[
2006-08-14 15:45 ]
摘要A=
306;目前，SOABSITSOAWeb
Service的产品以及符合XML?
●SOA=
IT20
●SOASOASOA
●SOA=
(EERP)——SOA
目前，=
SOABSITSOAWeb
Service的产品以及符合XML?SOAOracleIT
软件行业重新=
;分工
SOA=
ITITITITITSOAIT:
1. =
;
2. =
;
3. =
这样，软=
;件行业将重新组合，&#=
24418;成新的产业链。例å=
14;，集成商将最有基础=
转型为咨询服务提供=
1830;，软件外包公司将ੌ=
8;有可能成为服务生产&=
#21830;，而其他公司将面=
020;一个较小的市场空间=
;，为服务中介提供软&#=
20214;系统。因此，集成Ú=
30;要紧紧抓住行业知识=
库，形成行业咨询能=
1147;，而外包厂商要尽গ=
5;掌握SOA/Web
Service的技术及相关的标࠭=
4;，其他软件厂商最有&=
#21487;能的发展方向是成=
026;服务中介。这就要求=
;他们完全改变商业模&#=
24335;、人员结构，这将Ê=
50;非常困难。
同时，=
SOABPO()SOABPOBPO
中Þ=
69;软件业的唯一机会<=
/strong>
=
2312;国外，SOA的大=
5268;模实施受到传统软ߥ=
4;厂商形成的利益团体&=
#30340;阻碍，同时，由于=
269;外信息化建设比较饱=
;和，市场需求乏力，&#=
22240;此SOA并没=
6377;规模化出现。但是ᦁ=
2;在标准建设、技术研&=
#31350;以及成熟的工具方&=
754;，国外已经有相当的=
;积累。在国内，市场&#=
24212;该能快速接受SOA的技=
6415;与建设，同时，政ॶ=
0;相关管理部门能否看&=
#21040;SOA对国=
0869;软件产业的革命性ঋ=
3;响，将成为能否促使&=
#20013;国成为SOA技术=
0340;应用大国，从而成ߒ=
6;领导世界SOA应用=
1457;展的重要因素。
SOA将会=
0351;由中国集成商转型ৎ=
4;的咨询服务商更有竞&=
#20105;力，因为他们更了#=
299;本地的行业特色及具=
;体实践。这些集成商&#=
23558;有机会找到自己真Ē=
91;具有优势的领域，从=
而摆脱只能处于价值=
8142;低端的不利局面。SOA也将=
5753;中国的软件外包公ࡥ=
6;有一个明确的业务方&=
#21521;及核心技术能力，#=
753;中国所生产的标准化=
;软件服务像中国的鞋&#=
12289;纺织品、小商品一Ċ=
79;，畅销世界。
=
4635;之，SOA是中=
2269;软件行业的一个重ව=
1;机会，甚至很可能是&=
#26410;来20年里=
0340;唯一机会。纵观软ߥ=
4;发展近40年历=
1490;，我们大致可以将ࠥ=
4;分为两个阶段。
=
1532;一阶段是以IBM为代=
4920;、以规模为特征的ߒ=
7;机、大系统行业应用&=
#36719;件时代。这个阶段 =
340;软件开发是一个独立=
;的大型系统工程，随&#=
30528;网络技术的发展，Ű=
25;种独立开发模式逐步=
被构件化的软件工程=
8761;命替代;第二=
8454;段则是以微软为代ඤ=
0;的，以技术平台为特&=
#24449;的软件工程年代。=
312;这个阶段，软件开发=
;是一个分工协作的工&#=
31243;建设，并形成了基ij=
84;软件、平台软件、应=
用软件、中间件等优=
1270;的产业格局。然而ᦁ=
2;随着软件应用的核心&=
#36880;步由技术实现转向=
458;户体验，随着互联网=
;的普及与成熟，软件&#=
31995;统的建设将被协同Ô=
70;服务集成替代，从而=
进入SOA的年=
0195;。在这个阶段，软ߥ=
4;开发、核心技术等不&=
#20877;具有核心价值，快$=
895;的服务部署、灵活的=
;流程变化及广泛的服&#=
21153;体系将是重要的竞É=
05;优势，而这些特征似=
乎更加符合中国集成=
1830;的特点。
=
7492;外，目前在这个领ࣉ=
5;，还没有看到垄断性&=
#30340;代表力量。因此SOA将会=
5512;动软件产业以至整ߑ=
0;IT产业=
0340;一次新的结构性变ࡏ=
0;，将会涌现新的赢家&=
#65292;新的垄断势力，新 =
340;技术领袖，这是中国=
;软件业的机遇。
培ʼn=
46;期需要政府支持=
=
0001;于SOA市场=
0446;前尚处于培育期，ਟ=
9;府的早期支持十分重&=
#35201;。因为SOA的发=
3637;已经不处在科研阶ૅ=
3;，因此，政府的支持&=
#20063;不能停留在设立科 =
740;课题的阶段，而应该=
;鼓励集成商在各行业&#=
20013;广泛应用、实践SOA，建=
1435;SOA咨询=
6381;务能力，同时推动SOA中服=
1153;中介组织的形成，ࡃ=
2;快SOA专业=
4037;具厂商的发展，以ࡡ=
0;促进软件外包厂商及&=
#26102;了解标准化服务的=
377;效及大规模生产方法=
;。
SOA并不=
6159;一个独立的技术实=
6;，而是一个全面的、&=
#21327;同合作的解决方案=
290;一个SOA解决=
6041;案的成功实施一定༙=
6;要若干合作伙伴的共&=
#21516;努力，SOA解决=
6041;案的成本也就是合߯=
6;伙伴的成本之合。
SOA是个=
9072;覆性技术，是要替ߣ=
5;现有的解决方案。既&=
#28982;是替代，除非能让=
458;户有重大的成本节省=
;，否则客户不可能接&#=
21463;。而精益求精地降Ë=
02;成本需要所有合作方=
共同努力。同时，SOA解决=
6041;案的核心就是运用ߏ=
4;务知识、采用第三方&=
#26381;务、在标准的过程=
969;引擎支撑下，形成一=
;个业务解决方案。因&#=
27492;，SOA要求=
1327;同、标准和服务的ฝ=
6;量保障。由于这三个&=
#35201;素均没有强制管理 =
340;机制，因此SOA的发=
3637;就需要形成企业间=
0;协作机制，在行业、&=
#25216;术平台研究、产品=
320;发中形成共同的价值=
;观，并以此形成相关&#=
30340;技术标准与规范。Þ=
40;此类似OASIS组织=
5152;建立的企业间协同ࡧ=
2;作机制，TC(技术=
2996;员会)及管=
9702;体系将是SOA获得=
6222;遍成功的一个有效ਬ=
1;式。
=
5105;们还需要注意，一ਬ=
1;面，SOA技术=
8761;命将从根本上打破=
6;前技术标准及行业规&=
#33539;的产生机制与管理=
041;式。由于SOA技术=
0340;颠覆性特质要求一ߑ=
0;显著的性价比优势，&=
#22240;此要求各合作伙伴=
343;能提供一个低成本、=
;高质量的技术服务。&#=
21478;一方面，由于技术Ç=
82;标准需要立即被采纳=
并应用，技术发展及=
6631;准规范应该由可以ߛ=
4;相提供服务的协同体&=
#65292;以共同利益为基础=
135;生。因此，这里没有=
;个人英雄主义，必须&#=
20855;完整性和质量保证z=
90;
SOA非常=
6866;合电子政务的建设Ӎ=
0;采用SOA技术=
5292;要求对电子政务的ਥ=
2;体进行全面规划，需&=
#35201;前瞻性的设计，同=
102;要全面推动开放标准=
;甚至源代码共享。这&#=
26679;将大大降低建设成Ĉ=
12;，并提高5年成=
1151;率。同时，采用SOA技术=
0063;将推动软件厂商向๗=
9;件服务厂商转型。然&=
#32780;，SOA也会=
0452;接影响现有产品的࡙=
8;商利益，这要求现有&=
#38598;成商向业务咨询、=
019;新方向转型。这些影=
;响可能会阻碍SOA的快=
6895;普及，但这是任何གྷ=
2;覆性技术革命的必经&=
#38454;段。因此政府大力=
512;动，以试点带动全面=
;应用，逐步形成完善&#=
30340;支撑体系，树立以ű=
91;免重复建设为核心的=
理念，仍然可以将SOA的解=
0915;方案平稳推动。
=
三步走的发展方式=
SOA的发展可以采取三 =
423;火箭的分步发展方式=
;，要有去有失，逐步&#=
21040;位。例如，初期的SOA可以以推动=
WebService为核心，形成=
;软件服务的概念。在&#=
36825;个阶段，可以采用ESB这种过渡性技=
;术，以降低EAI(企业应用集成=
;)成本为理由，=
;推动SOA的发展。这个=
;阶段的示范工程应该&#=
26159;政府新建项目。第É=
08;阶段，则应该围绕<=
span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>UDDI(统一描述、发=
;现和集成)进行，避免重=
;复建设，形成第三方&#=
36719;件服务的环境与技Ĉ=
15;模式。这个阶段的工=
作以政府进行电子政=
1153;跨部门整合为契机Ӎ=
0;第三阶段则是企业资&=
#28304;全程优化(EERP)，即全面的=
SOA实践。该阶段=
;将电子政务的实施真&#=
27491;地交到政府职能部ſ=
76;的管理者手中，避免=
形成IT建设方与使用=
;方的巨大差异。=
由于SOA是颠覆性革命=
;，在现有应用中全面&#=
37319;用SOA将会有一个较=
;长的周期。但在IT应用的蓝海中=
;，我们仍然可以看到&#=
21363;将来临的SOA技术革命的巨=
;大作用。基于SOA的EERP是Ê=
25;业可以立即获利于<=
span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>SOA技术革命的一=
;个应用范例。=
EERP将企业的外部资源(不管是数字化=
;的，还是手工采集的)以服务方式展=
;示出来，并以企业自&#=
24049;的价值观加以优化Ñ=
98;析，形成企业对全价值链的一ߑ=
0;成本评估。这个工作&=
#23558;是一个革命性的、=
069;无古人的软件应用创=
;新。EERP将大大推动=
B2B业务的全面发=
;展，将有助于企业在&#=
28151;乱的渠道中看清方×=
21;，将有助于发展中国=
家的企业，特别是中=
3567;企业，尽快实现与ଃ=
2;道及市场的全面整合&=
#65292;从渠道中获取ॵ=
2;有的利润，摆脱目前&=
#22788;于市场价值链中低 =
471;地位的不利局面，从=
;而逐步改变几百年来&#=
35199;方所建立的全球经ė=
82;格局及产业秩序，让=
劳动者真正能享受技=
6415;革新及生产力提高=
2;带来的高额利润。=
李安渝履历=
=
李安渝博士ᦁ=
2;分别于1978～1982年z=
89;1982～1985年ß=
12;上海交通大学读本科=
和研究生课程，分别=
3719;得工学学士和工学ఈ=
5;士学位。1985年初赴美国留=
;学，1988年在亚利桑那=
;大学电机系完成硕士学߮=
1;学习，1993年在美国斯坦=
;福大学电机工程系完成博士学位学&#=
20064;。2000年，李安渝博士ඪ=
7;中国科学院软件研究&=
#25152;任命为电子商务技=
415;研究中心主任，从事=
;电子商务的基础核心&#=
25216;术的研究、开发和Ċ=
31;准化工作以及电子商=
务的推广应用。=
2003年，李安渝博士ඪ=
7;中国电子商务协会聘&=
#35831;为协会副秘书长，$=
127;责电子商务标准的应=
;用与推广工作及国家&#=
30005;子商务示范工程管ĩ=
02;。现任中科院软件所=
电子商务中心主任及=
8271;风联盟技术委员会ߒ=
7;任。=
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